Of course, we cannot answer this question, because God alone knows the hearts of all people. My purpose here is to share some Bible passaages that seem to have a bearing on this issue. Some people are quieter about their faith, which may prompt us to ask this question in the first place.
Although God's will is that all people will hear the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ and believe in Him from the heart, turning from sin to God (see home page), we realize that not everyone hears a clear presentation of the gospel. Many have never heard the name of Jesus at all, and of those who have, it seems that most have a misconception of what Christianity is really teaching.
Since God both knows the heart and mind of every person, and since he is a God of fairness and justice and shows no partiality to anyone (see Romans passage below), he deals with each and every person on an individual basis.
Consider the Bible passages below, remembering that Romans 2 is not the gospel; Paul goes on in the rest of Romans to present it. And Paul endured incredible suffering and persecution in his efforts to give the good news to as many people as possible, encouraging the discipleship of faithful men who would continue the process. He was NEVER content to sit back and say "Those who are predestined to be saved will be saved, so I might as well just eat, drink, and be merry," etc, etc. By the same token, Paul by no means wanted to leave us in Romans chapter 2; however, in the case of those who never heard the Gospel, yet responded to the light they were given, this Scripture can help to give us comfort and hope.
It is typical of God to send further light to people whom he knows are seeking him. This is borne out both in modern day missionary experience, and in the Scripture
(Acts chapter 10). See also Jonah chapters 3 and 4. (Note that all Scriptures are links that can be clicked.) I encourage you to read the actual Scriptures themselves, more than anything I might say.
In Jonah's case, God is so concerned to get his word to the people of a pagan nation that he gives his reluctant prophet a lesson in the Great Fish School of Theology, then sends him back a second time with the same commission. This time, Jonah obeys, gives God's message, and the Ninevites repent and turn from their wicked ways. God forgives them, and Jonah still has a lesson to learn. In the last statement of chapter 4, God reveals his heart of love for the people of Nineveh.
With these things in mind, consider the following passages:
Romans 2:4-29 A part of Paul's introduction to the Good News.
Luke 12:47-48 Words from Jesus
Matthew 25:31-46 More words of Jesus. What is in the heart of a person is revealed by his or her compassion.
John 3:18-21 Some words of Jesus about those who love the darkness and those who seek the truth.
John 5:24-29 These words of Jesus are in the same Gospel with the famous John 3:16 passage about believing in Jesus. Obviously the new birth described in chapter 3 produces a radical change in a person, so much so that God can use good works as the basis of his judgment.
Two other interesting cases are presented in Acts 18:24-19:5 .
These were people of faith, who had repented of their sins according to the teaching they had received up to that point, to whom God gave further instruction.
Again, we can never really know another person's heart, but God does, and we can rest in His absolute fairness to each and every person.
